How can complex graphemes be identified in German?

Abstract The question of whether a letter is grapheme or not perennial issue in writing research. answer depends on which criteria are used to differentiate between letters and graphemes and, ultimately, how the unit ‘grapheme’ defined. This problem particularly relevant complex graphemes, i.e. sequences that behave like single certain respects. Typical for German ‹ch›. paper argues scalar concept compares status each units under investigation. For this purpose, new identification used, originate from handwriting analysis. There, it shown connected with other disproportionately often also have deviating forms often.